Primary Costal Bone Xanthoma
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51987/revhospitalbaires.v44i2.315Keywords:
bone xanthoma, histiocytes, hyperlipidemia, normolipidemia, video-assisted thoracoscopyAbstract
Primary bone xanthoma is an exceptionally infrequent clinical entity. It predominantly affects young men, with a higher occurrence in flat bones of the axial skeleton. This pathology can present in an
isolated (primary) form or as secondary, associated with endocrinological and metabolic disorders such as hyperlipidemia. It is always necessary to investigate and rule out the secondary cause to certify normolipidemia. The therapeutic approach should be tailored to the lesion characteristics, location, and neighboring structures’ affectation.
We present the case of a female patient with no significant history who had an incidental finding of a costal lytic lesion on computed tomography. Due to the risk of fracture and the inability to rule out malignancy, we performed a resection of the body of the fifth right rib, guided by video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery. The histopathological study reported a medullary cavity with infiltration of foamy macrophages and numerous cholesterol crystals, confirming the diagnosis of bone xanthoma.
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