Esófago de Barrett y adenocarcinoma de esófago: Un ejemplo de transformación maligna consecutiva a la respuesta inflamatoria por exposición al ácido clorhídrico. Revisión

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Elio A. Prieto Gonzalez
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9696-3917
Pamela E. Lizondo
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0879-3637

Resumen

Introducción: una revisión breve orientada a exponer el conocimiento actual acerca de los mecanismos del desarrollo desde la metaplasia hasta la anaplasia a nivel molecular y sus posibles implicaciones en la prevención, clasificación y tratamiento de esta afección, desde la perspectiva de la Medicina Translacional. Un enfoque de las alteraciones genéticas y epigenéticas y del fenotipo inflamatorio que subyacen en la aparición y desarrollo del esófago de Barret (EB) a partir de la exposición al jugo gástrico.
Objetivos
: revisar los aspectos moleculares y cromosómicos involucrados en el proceso de transformación maligna multietapas que conecta los cambios que caracterizan al EB con la displasia y el adenocarcinoma de esófago (ACE).
Materiales y métodos: se realizó una revisión bibliográfica en PubMed Y Google Scholar. Se analizaron 20 artículos en inglés, priorizando publicaciones de los últimos 10 años, aunque se incluyeron trabajos clásicos de relevancia fundamental. La búsqueda abarcó tanto revisiones como artículos originales.
Conclusión: en la enfermedad por reflujo gastroesofágico (ERGE), la retrodifusión de hidrogeniones y componentes gástricos induce inflamación crónica y estrés oxidativo, favoreciendo modificaciones epigenéticas, aberraciones cromosómicas, mutaciones en genes supresores y oncogenes, además de inhibición de la apoptosis e inmunosupresión local, que promueven la transformación hacia adenocarcinoma. El EB es un modelo paradigmático de carcinogénesis inducida por un estrés ácido conocido, que permite integrar los cambios moleculares e histológicos en un continuum progresivo, aportando evidencia clave sobre la relación entre inflamación crónica y cáncer.


 

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Biografía del autor/a

Elio A. Prieto Gonzalez, Centro de altos Estudios en Ciencias Humanas y de la Salud. Universidad Abierta Interamericana. Santa Fe, Argentina

I am a researcher in Toxicological Genetics, focusing on the effects of complex mixtures on primary DNA damage and also on the relationship between obesity and carcinogenicity.
I have taught postgraduate courses at the universities where I am a faculty member, as well as at the University of Buenos Aires and at the University of Valparaíso for their Master's programs.
I led a Multidisciplinary Group for the study of Human Papillomavirus in Havana, Cuba.
I have redirected my research interests toward the convergence of Toxicogenetics and Artificial Intelligence techniques, forming a multidisciplinary team that has already obtained its first results and published a paper.
I recently published a chapter on the "Heterogeneity of Adipose Stem Cells" in the Springer Nature series Stem Cell Heterogeneity (Switzerland, May 2019), edited by Alexander Birbrair.
To date, I have published 7 book chapters, 45 peer-reviewed articles, and 18 communications presented at conferences.
As a university professor, I have supervised Bachelor's theses in Biology, Biochemistry, Nursing, and Nutrition. I have also supervised specialization theses in Biochemistry and Master's theses in Pharmacology and Occupational Health. I have coordinated undergraduate research projects as well.

Pamela E. Lizondo, Carrera de Licenciatura en Enfermería. Universidad Abierta Interamericana. Santa Fe, Argentina

University-trained Surgical Instrumentalist, University-trained Nurse, currently completing a Bachelor's degree in Nursing. Diplomate in Adult Critical Care, Specialist in Stroke Management. Floor Nurse, Researcher.

Cómo citar

1.
Prieto Gonzalez EA, Lizondo PE. Esófago de Barrett y adenocarcinoma de esófago: Un ejemplo de transformación maligna consecutiva a la respuesta inflamatoria por exposición al ácido clorhídrico. Revisión. Rev Hosp Ital B.Aires [Internet]. 2025 Dec. 26 [cited 2026 Apr. 26];45(4):e0000419. Available from: https://ojs.hospitalitaliano.org.ar/index.php/revistahi/article/view/419

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