Major depressive episode and generalized anxiety in pregnant women from a public hospital in Tucumán, Argentina
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Introduction: The well-being of a pregnant woman must beconsidered holistically from abiological, mental and social point of view. The objectives of this study were to determine the frequency of Current Major Depressive Episode (CMDE), Recurrent Major Depressive Episode (RMDE), and Current Generalized Anxiety Disorder (CGAD) in pregnant women; to associate these frequencies with sociodemographic factors; and to examine the association with Stressful Life Events (SLE) during pregnancy. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 67 pregnant women in a public hospital in San Miguel de Tucumán in the year 2022. A survey, the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview, and a brief SLE scale were administered. Written informed consent was obtained, ensuring confidentiality and anonymity. Association analysis was performed considering p≤0.05 as significant. Results: The average age was 28±5.93 years. Six percent (4) reported a personal history, and 10% (7) reported a family history of mental health problems. Additionally, 19% (13) of participants exhibited CGAD, while 51% (34) presented CMDE, with 29% (10) being recurrent episodes. A significant association was found between the frequency of CGAD and the number of SLE during pregnancy (p=0.018), whereas no such association was found between CMDE and SLE (p=0.091). Furthermore, a significant association was observed between CGAD and the number of children (p=0.013). Discussion: The observed values of Current Generalized Anxiety Disorder and Current Major Depressive Episode in pregnant women coincides with the literature worldwide. The significant association between Anxiety Disorder and Stressful Life Events highlights the importance of considering stress in maternal mental health. Conclusion: The high frequency of psychopathologies emphasizes the need to design primary care interventions to promote a healthy pregnancy. These interventions could include the use of brief instruments, as employed in this study, for screening psychopathologies.
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